Lighting system.



N0- 799,52 -6. PATENTED SEPT. 12, 1905. W. L. BLISS.

LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION rum) JUNE 16, 1904.

lNVENTOR WITNESSES:

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gag A. 956

AITORNEYSI- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM L. BLISS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO BLISS ELECTRIC OARLIGHTING COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORA- TION OF WISCONSIN.

LIGHTING SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 12, 1905.

Application filed June 16, 1904- selial Nov 183 To all whom it mayconcern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM L. BLIss, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, in the county of Kings and State of New York, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Lighting Systems, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, referencebeing had to the accompanyingdrawing, forming a part of thisspecification.

The present invention relates to systems of electrical distribution.Although it is particularly adapted for lighting cars or trains, it maybe applied to other purposes.

In lighting cars or other units of transportation by electricity systemshave been employed wherein the lamps are operated by a generator and astorage battery, the generator serving to operate the lamps and alsocharge the storage battery when it is operative and the storage batteryserving to 0perate the lamps when the generator is inoperative. Thegenerator is regulated by means of a suitable automatic regulator toconfine the output thereof within prearranged limits notwithstanding theextensive variations in speed to which it is subjected. Although it hasusually been the practice to provide a complete lighting system for eachcar, thus making each car an independent unit in respect to the lightingthereof, it has nevertheless been proposed to employ a single generatorto supply the current for operating all of the lamps and also forcharging all of the storage batteries carried upon the several cars orunits of a train. l/Vhen all of the storage batteries and all of thelamps upon a train are supplied with current by a single generator, theoutput of the generator must vary whenever a car is added to the trainor a car is taken therefrom, but still the regulator must alwaysregulate the generator to confine the electromotive force developedthereby within substantially the same prearranged limits. Moreover, thegenerator should vary the output thereof whenever the number oftranslating devices in operation is changed, so that constant currentwill'be maintained for charging the battery at constant speed of thegenerator. If the electromagnet which controls the operation of theregulator for the generator be connected in circuit in series with allof the translating devices and storage batteries upon the train, thenwhen the number of cars or units in the train or the number oftranslating devices in operation is changed the variation tending totake place in the output of the generator will cause the electromagnetto alter the regulation of the generator, and in consequence thegenerator will be unable to vary the output thereof in accordance withthe variation in the demands for current.

It is the object of the present invention to provide means which willprevent the regulation of the generator from being altered whenvariations in the output of the generator result from changes either inthe number of cars or units in the train or in the number of translatingdevices in operation.

When the present invention is embodied in the preferred form thereof,means are provided for each car or unit in the train to divert a portionof the current delivered by the generator from the controlling-magnet ofthe regulator, such portion of the current being determined by thenumber of cars or units in the train, and with such means are associatedother means which vary the current diverted from the controlling-magnetwhen variations in the output of the generatorresult from changes in thenumber of translating devices in operation. v

The system illustrated in the accompanying drawing, which will behereinafter described,

will serve to disclose the present invention. It will be understood, ofcourse, that the system illustrated in the drawing has been selectedmerely for the purpose of indicating certain features of the invention,and, furthermore, that the invention may assume many other forms.

Although in the preferred form of the present invention the generator isregulated by means of a dynamo-electric machine which introduces acounter electromotive force into the field-circuit of the generator, itwill be understood that any other form of regulator may be employed.Upon a unit of the train as, for instance, the tender of thelocomotiveis mounted a generator having an armature 1 and a field orcontrolling magnet 2, said armature being geared to an axle or connectedto any other suitable source of power. The generator has connectedthereto a supply-circuit having mains 3 and 4. Throughout the trainpreferably extends a train-line having conductors 5, 6, and 7, theconductors 6 and 7 being connected to the mains 3 and 4: at the forwardend of the train and the conductor 6 being connected to the conductor 5by a jumper 8 at the rear end of the train. Each car in the train hasarranged thereon a local circuit having mains 9 and 10 connected to theconductors 7 and 5, respectively, of the train-line. The local circuithas connected thereto a storage battery 11 and translating devices 12,such as lamps, fan-motors, and otherappliances. Thetranslatingdevicesare preferably connected in the translating branch 13 13 of the localcircuit and preferably have the circuit there-of controlled by a switchlet. The voltage impressed upon each local circuit by the generator willbe the same, as the current in reaching each local circuit will betransmitted the same distance through the train-line. The local circuitupon each car is preferably controlled by an automatic switch havingstationary contacts 15 15 and a movable contact 16, carried by a plunger17 and adapted to engage said stationary contacts. The plunger 17 may beactuated to operate the switch by a solenoid 18, of fine Wire, connectedin a shunt-circuit extending across the local circuit, and a solenoid19, of coarse wire, connected in the local circuit in series With theswitch-contacts. When the generator voltage is equal to thestorage-battery voltage, the automatic switch will be operated by the shLint-solenoid 18 to close the local circuit. While the voltage of thegenerator remains as great as that of the battery, the switch willremain closed and the series solenoid will assist the shunt-solenoid inkeeping the movable contact firmly in engagement with the stationarycontacts; but when the generator voltage falls below the battery voltagethe switch will open, as then the series solenoid will oppose the actionof the shuntsolenoid, due to the reversal of the polarity of the serieswinding by current from the battery flowing backward through the localcircuit. Upon the same unit of the train with the generator is carried adynamo-electric machine or counter-electromotive-force device having anarmature 20 and a field or controlling magnet 21, said field orcontrolling magnet being connected in series in the supplycircuit andsaid armature 20 being connected in the field-circuit of the generatorto introduce a counter electromotive force therein. A motor having anarmature 22 and a field 23 and connected across the supgly-circuit maybe provided to start the counter-electromotive-force device whenthegenerator commences to operate. When the generator is operative, thedynamo-electric machine will be in operation and introduce a counterelectromotive force into the field-circuit of the generator to opposethe current which tends to flow through the generator-field due to thegenerator voltage. The field or controlling magnet 21 will be excited bythe current which flows through the supply-circuit to the lamps andstorage batteries. hen the electromotive force developed by thegenerator increases, the current traversing the lield or controllingmagnet of the counter-electromotive-force device will increase. Thecounter electroniotive force introduced into the lieldcircuit of thegenerator will then be in creased, and consequently the strength of thelield of the generator will be reduced. If the electromotive forcedeveloped by the generator decreases, the current traversing the lieldor controlling magnet of the counter electromotive-force device willdecrease. The counter electromotive force introduced into thelieldcircuit of the generator will then be decreased, and consequentlythe strength of the lield of the generator will be increased. Thestrength of the field of the generator thus being varied inversely asthe generator output tends to vary, the output of the generator will beconlined within prearranged limits notwithstanding the excessivevariations in speed to which the generator is subjected. Between the 10-cal circuit on each car and the supply-circuit extends a shunt-circuit 21, which passes around the field or controlling magnet 21. The con dnoting-frames of the units of the train and the track preferablyconstitute parts of the shunt-circuit; but itis obvious that suchshuntcircuit may be formed by any suitable conductors. Theshunt-circuits of the several cars are arranged in parallel with eachother and serve to divert current from the controlling-magnet 21.Inasmuch as a shunt-circuit is provided for each car in the train, theportion of the output of the generator diverted from thecontrolling-magnet 21 will be dependent upon the number of cars or unitsin the train. Therefore when a variation in the output of the generatorresults from changes in the number of cars or units in the train theportion of the output of the generator diverted from thecontrolling-magnet will vary to such an extent that the current flowingthrough the field or controlling magnet 21 will remain substantially thesame as before, and accordingly no material alteration will take placein the regulation of the generator. The generator may therefore vary theoutput thereof whenever the number of cars or units in the train ischanged.

It may be assumed when two cars are in the train, as indicated in thedrawhig, that the generator delivers a current of one hundred amperes, acurrent of fifty amperes being cousumed in each car. Now, then, if a carbe added to the train the output of the generator would increase to onehundred and fifty amperes, and if a car be removed from the train theoutput of the generator would decrease to fifty amperes. As the numberof shuntcircuits passing around the controllingnraguet 21 will bechanged when the number of cars or units in the train is changed, thecurrent diverted from the control]ing-magnet .I TO

will be varied in accordance with these variatlons 1n the output of thegenerator, and

hence the regulation of the generator will not interfere with theability of the generator to vary the output thereof according to thevariations in the demands for current resulting from changes in thenumber of cars or units in the train. It is therefore possible to changethe number of cars or units in the train in any Way and still have thegenerator deliver a current which will be sufficient for operating allof the lamps and also charging all of the storage batteries upon thetrain.

The shunt-circuit of each car preferably contains a variable resistance,which may consist of a series of plates 25, of carbon or other suitablematerial, said plates being arranged in contact with each other. Thepressure between these plates may be regulated by an electromagnet 26,connected in the translating branch of the local circuit and acting upona core or plunger 27. These plates introduce a resistance into theshuntcircuit, such resistance being determined upon the pressure exertedbetween the plates. If the number of translating devices in operation beincreased, the output of the generator will increase accordingly. Thestrength of the electromagnet 26 then being increased by the increase inthe current supplied to the translating devices, the pressure betweenthe resistance-plates 25 will be increased, and hence the resistance ofthe shunt-circuit will be decreased. As the current diverted from thecontrolling-magnet 21 will then be increased substantially in accordancewith the increase in the output of the generator, no material alterationwill occur in the regulation of the generator. The generator maytherefore vary the output thereof according to the variations in thedemands for current by the translating devices, and hence the currentdelivered to the battery will remain constant at constant speed of thegenerator notwithstanding the changes in the number of translatingdevices in operation.

It may be assumed for the purpose of illustration that the generatordelivers a current of thirty-five amperes to each local circuit twentyamperes for the lamps and fifteen amperes for the batteries. If thenumber of lamps in operation be increased until thirtytive amperes areconsumed by the lamps, then the generator will increase the outputthereof to deliver fifty amperes to each local circuit. The currentdelivered to the battery will therefore remain constant at constantspeed of the generator notwithstanding changes in the number oftranslating devices in operation.

It is advantageous to have the current for charging the batteries remainconstant at constant speed of the generator, because the currentdelivered to the batteries may then be made sufficient to keep thebatteries charged at all times. The current which is delivered to thebatteries will increase in almost exact proportion to the increase inthe electron'iotive force of the generator above the normal voltage ofthe batteries. Therefore considerable variation will occur in the outputof the generator when the speed thereof varies. 1f the speed of thegenerator increases, the resulting increase in the current deliveredthereby will cause the counter-electromotive-force device to decreasethe field strength of the generator, and if the speed of the generatordecreases the resulting decrease in the current delivered thereby willcause the counter-electromotiveforce device to increase the fieldstrength of the generator. The field strength of the generator thusbeing varied approximately inversely as the speed thereof varies, thegenerator output will be confined within safe limits.

The conditions which occur in the operation of the system shall now beconsidered. As the conditions are substantially the same in each car,reference will be made to a single car. \Nhile the generator isinoperative the translating devices 12 may be operated by the storagebattery. hen the generator becomes operative, it will deliver current tothe supplycircuit and thence to the local circuit. \Vhen the voltage ofthe generator substantially equals the voltage of the battery, thegenerator and the battery will furnish current for operating thetranslating devices; but when the voltage of the generator exceeds thevoltage of the battery then the battery will cease to discharge and thegenerator will furnish all the current for operating the translating devices and also current for charging the battery, the current flowingfrom the positive terminal of the generator through supplymain 3,conductor 6, jumper 8, conductor 5. local main 10, series solenoid 19,to the switch contacts 15 16 15. The current will divide at this point,a part flowing through the translating-circuit 13 18 of thesupply-circuit, including switch 14, translating devices 12, andelectromagnetQG, to local main 9 and the other partflowing through thebattery branch of the local circuit, including the battery 11, to thelocal main 9. From the local main 9 the current will flow through theconductor 7, supply-main L, and controlling-magnet 21 to the negativeterminal of the battery.

It may be assumed that when the train travels at about twenty miles perhour the generator operates at five hundred revolutions per minute anddevelops a voltage which is equal to that of the battery, which. forinstance, may be sixty-four volts. hen the train travels at sixty milesper hour, the generator will therefore operate at fifteen hundredrevolutions per minute, and then, if all other conditions remain thesame, the generator will develop a voltage of one hundred and ninety-twovolts. The voltage developed by the generator cannot rise to such anextent, however, as the field strength of the ICC generator is decreasedas the speed thereof increases. If the voltage be allowed to in creaseto about eighty volts at the maximum speed of the train, a sufficientincreasein the voltage will be obtained to charge the battery. It willof course be understood that the conditions which have been assumed insetting forth the operation of the system have been selected merely forthe purpose of explaining the invention and that the same will varyaccording to circumstances under which the system is to be operated.

In the translating branch 13 of the local circuit upon each car may bearranged a resistance 28 for protecting the lamps and other translatingdevices from the rise in voltage which is coincident with charging thebattery. Around this resistance extends a shunt-circuit -29, which iscontrolled by a short-circuiting switch 30, the movable member of saidshortcircuiting switch preferably being attached to the plunger 17 ofthe automatic switch. When the automatic switch is closed, theshort-circuiting switch will be open, and then the resistance 28 will bein circuit and protect the translating devices from an excessivecurrent; but when the automatic switch is open theshort-circuitingswitch will be closed, and then the resistance 28 willbe short-circuited, and thus removed from circuit, so that it will notaffect the voltage impressed upon the translatin g devices by thebattery. It will of course be understood that any suitable means may beemployed to protect the translating devices from an excessive current orto regulate the voltage impressed thereon.

It is obvious that many changes may be made in the system which has beenset forth herein for the purpose of explaining the invention which willbe within the purview of the claims of this specification.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire toobtain by Letters Patent, is

1. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator driven at avariable speed, a storage battery and translating devices carried uponeach of a plurality of units of the train and connected in circuit withsaid generator, means regulating the generator as the speed thereofvaries to confine the variations in the generator output withinprearranged limits, and means for preventing the aforesaid means fromaltering the regulation of the generator upon variations in the outputof the generator resulting from changes in the number of units in thetrain and in the number of translating devices in operation.

2. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator driven at avariable speed, a storage battery and translating devices carried uponeach of a plurality of units of the train and connected in circuit withsaid generator, means regulating said generator as the speed thereofvaries to confine the variations in the generator output withinprearranged limits, and means provided for each of said plurality ofunits of the train to prevent the aforesaid means from altering theregulation of the generator upon variations in the output of thegenerator resulting from changes in the number of units in the train andin the number of translating devices in operation.

3. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator driven at avariable speed and carried upon one of the units of the train, a storagebattery and translating devices carried upon each of a plurality ofunits of the train and connected in circuit with said generator, meansregulating the generator as the speed thereof varies to confine thevariations in the generator output within prearranged limits and carriedupon the same unit of the train with the generator, and means providedfor each of said plurality of units of the train to prevent theaforesaid means from altering the regulation of the generator uponvariations in the generator output resulting from changes in the numberof units in the train and in the number of translating devices inoperation.

4:. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator driven at avariable speed, a storage battery and translating devices carried uponeach of a plurality of units of the 9 tram and connected in clrcult withsaid generator, a dynamo-electric machine for regulating the strength ofthe field of the generator as the generator speed varies to confine theoutput of the generator within prearranged limits, and means forpreventing the aforesaid means from altering the strength of the fieldof said generator upon variations in the output of said generatorresulting from changes in the number of units in the train and in thenumber of translating devices in operation.

5. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator driven at avariable speed, a storage battery and translating devices carried uponeach of a plurality of units of the train and connected in circuit withsaid generator, a dynamo-electric machine for varying the field strengthof the generator inversely as the generator output tends to vary uponvariations in the speed of the generator, and means provided for each ofsaid plurality of units of the train to prevent the aforesaid means fromaltering the strength of the field upon variations in the output of saidgenerator resulting from changes in the number of units in the train andin the number of translating devices in operation.

6. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator driven atavariable speed, a storage battery and translating devices carried uponeach of a plurality of units of the train, a supply-circuit connectingsaid storage batteries and said translating devices to said generator,an electromagnet arranged in seriesin said supply-circuit andcontrolling the output of the generator, means provided for each of saidplurality of units of the train to divert a portion of the current ofsaid generator from said controlling magnet, and means for varying thecurrent diverted from said magnet upon variations in the currentdelivered to said translating devices.

7 In combination, a generator driven at a variable speed, a storagebattery and translating devices carried upon each of aplural ity ofunits of the train, a supply-circuit connecting said storage batteriesand said translating devices to said generator, an electromagnetarranged in series in said supplycircuit and controlling the output ofsaid generator, and means provided for each of said plurality of unitsof the train to divert a portion of the current of said generator fromsaid controlling-magnet, said means being connected in circuit inparallel With each other, and means for varying the portion of thecurrent diverted from said electromagnet upon variations in the outputof said generator resulting from changes in the number of translatingdevices in operation.

8. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator driven at avariable speed, a local circuit arranged upon each of a plurality ofunits of the train, a storage battery and translating devices connectedto each local circuit, a supply-circuit connecting said local circuitsto said generator, an electromagnet connected in series in saidsupply-circuit, a shuntcircuit extending from each local circuit to saidsupply-circuit and passing around said electromagnet, and means forvarying the resistance of said shunt-circuits upon variations in theoutputof said generator resulting from variations in the demands forcurrent by said translating devices.

9. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator driven atavariable speed, a shunt-circuit arranged upon each of a plurality ofunits of the train, a storage battery and translating devices connectedto each local circuit, a supply-circuit connecting said local circuitsto said generator, an electromagnet arranged in series in saidsupply-circuit, ashuntcircuit extending from each local circuit to saidsupply-circuit and passing around said electromagnet, the severalshunt-circuits being arranged in parallel with each other and each shant-circuit being provided With a variable resistance, and means forcontrolling said resistance.

10. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator carried uponone of the units of the train and driven at a variable speed, a storagebattery and translating devices carried upon another unit of the train,a local circuit located upon the latter unit of the train and havingsaid storage batteries and said translating devices connected thereto, asuppl y-circuit connecting said local circuit to said generator, anelectromagnet arranged in series in said supply-circuit and controllingthe output of said generator, a shunt-circuit extending from said localcircuit to said supplycircuit and passing around said electromagnet, andmeans for varying the resistance of said shunt-circuit upon variationsin the output of said generator resulting from variations in the demandsfor current by said translating devices.

11. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator carried uponone of the units of the train, a storage battery and translating devicescarried upon another unitof the train, a local circuit located upon thelatter unit of the train and having the storage batteries andtranslating devices connected thereto in parallel With each other, asupply-circuit connecting said local circuit to said generator, anelectromagnet arrangedin series in said supply-circuit and controllingthe output of said generator, a shunt-circuit extending from said localcircuit to said supply-circuit and passing around said electromagnet,said shunt-circuit being provided with a variable resistance, and meansconnected in the translating branch of said local circuit andcontrolling said resistance.

12. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator, alocalcircuit arranged upon each of a plurality of units of the train,astorage battery and translating devices connected to each localcircuit, a supply-circuit connecting said local circuits to saidgenerator, an electromagnet arranged in series in said supply-circuitand controlling the output of the generator, a shunt-circuit extendingfrom each local circuit to said sup 'ily-circuit and passing around saidelectromagnet, said shunt-circuits being arranged in parallel with eachother, a variable resistance arranged in each shuntcircuit, anelectromagnet arranged in the translating branch of each local circuitand controlling the resistance of said shunt-circuits.

13. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator, a localcircuit arranged upon each of a plurality of units of the train, astorage battery and translating devices connected to each local circuit,a supply-circuit connecting said local circuits to said generator, anelectromagnet arranged in said supply-circuit in series With saidtranslating devices and said storage batteries, a shunt-circuitextending from each local circuit to said supply-circuit and passingaround said electromagnet, and means for varying the resistance of saidshuntcircuits upon variations in the output of said generator resultingfrom variations in the demands for current by said translating devices.

14. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator, a localcircuit arranged upon each of a plurality of units of the train, a storage battery and translating devices connected to each local circuit inparallel with each other,

a supply-circuit connecting said local circuits to said generator inparallel with each other, an electromagnet arranged in saidsupply-circuit in series With said storage batteries and saidtranslating devices, a shunt-circuit extending from each of said localcircuits to said su iply-circuit and passing around said electromagnet,said shunt-circuits being arranged in parallel with each other, avariable resistance arranged in each shunt-circuit, and meanscontrolling the resistance of said shunt-circuits.

15. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator carried uponone of the units of the train, a local circuit arranged upon anotherunit of the train, a storage battery and translating devices connectedto said local circuit in parallel with each other, a supply-circuitconnecting said local circuit to said generator, an electromagnetarranged in said supply-circuit in series With said storage battery andsaid translating devices and controlling the output of said generator, ashunt-circuit extending from said local circuit to said supply-circuitand passing around said controlling-magnet, said sh unt-circuit beingprovided With a variable resistance, and an electromagnet connected inthe translating branch of said supply-circuit and controlling saidresistance.

16. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator, a localcircuitarranged upon each of a plurality of units of the train, astorage battery and translating devices connected to each local circuit,a supply-circuit connecting said local circuits to said generator, aregulator for said generator having an electromagnet controlling theoperation thereof,said electromagnet being connected to saidsupply-circuit in series With said storage batteries and saidtranslating devices, a shunt-circuit extending from each local circuitto said supplycircuit and passing around said electromagnet, saidshunt-circuits being arranged in parallel With each other, a variableresistance arranged in each shunt-circuit, and an electromagnetconnected in the translating branch of each local circuit andcontrolling the resistance of said shunt-circuits.

17. In a train-lighting system, in combination, agenerator, a localcircuit arranged upon each of a plurality of units of the train, astorage battery and translating devices connected to each local circuitin parallel with each other, a supply-circuit connecting said localcircuits to said generator, a dynamo-electric machine regulating saidgenerator and having the field or controlling magnet thereof arranged inthe supply-circuit in series with said storage batteries and saidtranslating devices, a shunteircuit extending from each local circuitand passing around said electromagnet, avariable resistance arranged ineach shunt-circuit, a magnet arranged in the translating branch of eachlocal circuit and controlling the resistance of said slumt-circnits.

18. In a train-ligln'ing system, in combination, agenerator, driven at avariable speed, a local circuit located upon each of a plurality ofunits of the train, a storage battery and translating devices connectedin each local circuit, a supply-circuit connecting said local cir cuitsto said generator, a dynaino-electric machine having the armaturethereol connected in the lieldcircuit of said generator to introduce acounter electromotive force therein, the field or controlling magnet olsaid dynamo-electric machine being arranged in said supply-circuit inseries with said storage batteries and said translatin devices, ashuntcircuit extending from each local circuit to said supply-circuitand passing around said field, said shunt-circuits being arranged inparallel with each other, a variable resistance arranged in eachshunt-circuit, and an electromagnet arranged in the translating branchol? each local circuit and controlling the resistance of saidsluint-circuits.

19. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator driven at avariable speed, a local circuit located upon each ol a plurality ofunits of the train, a storage battery and translating devices connectedto each local ci rcuit in parallel with each other, a supply-circuitconnecting said local circuits to said generator in parallel With eachother, a regulator for varying the field strength of the generatorinversely as the output of said generator tends to vary upon variationsin the speed thereof, said regulator being provided with anelectromagnet controlling the operation thereol and arranged in thesupply-circuit in series with said storage batteries and saidtranslating devices, and a shunt-circuit extending from each localcircuit to said sin'iply-circuit and passing around said electromagnet,said shunt-circuits being arranged in parallel with each other, avariable resistance arranged in each shuntcircuit, and an electromagnetarranged in each local circuit and controlling the resistance of saidshunt-circuits.

20. In combination, a generator, a plurality of local circuits, astorage battery and translating devices connected to each local circuitin parallel With each other, a supply-circuit COUI'IGCtiDQ, said localcircuits to said generator in parallel with each other, an electromagnetcontrolling the output of said generator and connected in saidsupply-circuit in series with said storage batteries and saidtranslating devices, a shunt-circuit extending from each 10- cal circuitto said supply-circuit, a variable resistance arranged in eachshunt-circuit, and an electromagnet connected in the translating branchof each local circuit and controlling the resistance of saidshunt-circuits.

21. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator driven at avariable speed, a main circuit extending from said generator IIO andpassing through a plurality of units of the train, an automaticregulator for regulating the field strength of said generator, anelectromagnetic Winding for controlling the operation of said regulator,said winding being so arranged in said main circuit as to be subjectedto variations in current upon variations in the speed of said generator,translating devices carried upon each of said units and connected incircuit, a shunt-circuit extending from each of said units to saidgenerator and passing around said electromagnet to divert currenttherefrom, and means for varying the current in said shunt-circuits uponvariations in the current delivered to said translating devices.

22. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator driven atavariable speed, a main circuit extending from said generator andpassing through a plurality of units of the train, an automaticregulator for regulating the field strength of said generator, anelectromagnet for controlling the operation of said regulator, saidmagnet being arranged upon each of said units and connected across saidtrain-line, a storage battery and translating devices connected to eachlocal circuit, a shunt-circuit extending from each local circuit to saidgenerator and passing around said electromagnet to divert currenttherefrom,

and means for varying the current in said shunt-circuits upon variationsin the current delivered to said translating devices.

23. In a train-lighting system, in combina tion, a generator driven at avariable speed, a main circuit extending from said generator and passingthrough a plurality of units of the train, an automatic regulator forregulating the field strength of the generator, an electromagnet forcontrolling the operation of said regulator, said electromagnet beingarranged in said main circuit in series, a local circuit arranged uponeach of said plurality of units of the train and connected across saidmain circuit, a storage battery and translating devices connected toeach local circuit in parallel, a shunt-circuit extending from eachlocal circuit to said generator and passing around said electromagnet todivert current therefrom, means arranged in each shunt-cir cuit forvarying the current therein, and an electromagnet arranged in thetranslating branch of each local circuit and controlling the action ofsaid means.

24. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator driven at avariable speed, a main circuit extending from said generator and adaptedto pass through a plurality of units of the train, an automaticregulator for regulating the lield strength of said generator, anelectromagnetic winding for controlling the operation of said generatorand arranged in said main circuit in series, a local circuit arrangedupon each of a plurality of units of the train and connected across saidmain circuit, a storage battery and translating devices connected toeach local circuit in parallel, a shunt-circuit extending from eachlocal circuit to said generator and passing around said electromagneticwinding, a variable resistance arranged in each shunt-circuit and anelectromagnetic winding arranged in the translating branch of each localcircuit and controlling said variable resistance.

25. In a train-lighting system, in combination, a generator driven at avariable speed, a main circuit extending from said generator and passingthrough a plurality of units of the train, a dynamo-electric machinehaving the armature thereof connected in circuit with the field-Windingof said generator to introduce a counter electromotive force into thecurrent of said winding, the iield-winding of said dynamo-electricmachine being connected in said main circuit in series, a motor fordriving said dynamo-electric machine, a local circuit arranged upon eachof said plurality of units of the train, a storage battery andtranslating devices connected to each local circuit in parallel, ashunt-circuit extending from each local circuit to said generator andpassing around the field-winding of said dynamo-electric machine, avariable resistance arranged in each shunt-circuit, and an electromagnetarranged in the translating branch of each local circuit and controllingsaid va-- riable resistance.

In witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence oftwo witnesses.

WILLIAM L. BLISS.

lVitnesses:

J. N. ROBERTSON, EDWIN B. H. Towun, Jr.

